三、样本均数的分布

从同一总体里随机抽取n相同的许多样本,这些样本均数吴正态分布。如前面所述正常人红细胞数的抽样实验中已求得100个样本均数,其中多数与总体均数μ比较接近而集中分布在其周围,且左右基本对称,见表6.3(此表由表6.4中的100个均数划记归组而得)。 表6.3 红细胞抽样实验中100个样本均数的分布
组 段460-470-480-490-500-510-520-530-540-合计
样本数1318282813711100
表6.4 一百个样本的均数、标准差、95%可信区间
样本号均数标准差95%可信区间样本号均数标准差95%可信区间
1488.661.65444.49~532.712498.333.97474.01~522.59
3509.450.96472.96~545.844498.452.63460.76~536.04
5494.929.51473.80~516.006°546.743.23515.78~577.62[SB]*[/SB]
7524.533.60500.45~548.55[SB]*[/SB]8488.341.04458.94~517.66
9485.355.14445.85~524.7510502.648.55467.88~537.32
11495.140.63466.03~524.1712524.737.81497.65~551.75
13512.753.18474.65~550.7514494.837.24468.15~521.45
15493.639.94465.03~522.1716495.329.47474.22~516.38
17491.019.32477.18~504.8218506.553.83468.00~545.00
19487.539.39461.32~517.6820495.932.70472.51~519.29
21504.834.76479.94~529.6622512.244.76483.17~547.23
23496.540.65467.41~525.5924499.837.04473.31~526.29
25505.737.21479.08~532.3226487.734.50463.02~512.38
27501.537.35474.79~528.2128476.129.64454.91~497.29[SB]*[/SB]
29523.251.57486.31~560.0930509.533.61485.45~533.55
31494.228.60473.75~514.6532506.225.29483.10~524.30 
33501.127.88481.15~521.0534520.630.23498.98~542.22 
35492.042.18461.82~522.1836509.619.17495.89~523.31 
37488.642.29458.36~518.8438510.947.55476.88~544.92 
39516.439.96487.81~544.9940518.846.43485.59~552.01 
41495.936.89469.53~522.2742°526.442.78495.80~557.00 
43505.853.84467.30~544.3044503.047.33469.14~536.86 
45504.847.77470.62~538.9846492.429.20471.52~513.28 
47505.538.32478.08~532.9248486.552.98448.59~524.41 
49515.238.69487.51~542.8950487.053.75448.55~525.45 
51503.351.54466.43~540.1752491.058.47449.18~532.82 
53522.365.01475.79~568.8154490.349.92454.58~526.02 
55516.737.26490.05~543.3556489.631.41467.14~512.06 
57490.062.90445.01~534.9958489.230.91467.09~511.31 
59509.140.51480.12~538.0860513.529.18492.62~534.38 
61476.442.06446.32~506.4862511.528.46491.14~531.86 
63480.744.83448.62~512.7864501.429.00480.66~522.14 
65481.150.65444.86~517.3466496.036.53469.87~522.13 
67489.244.20457.58~520.8268494.829.73473.54~516.06 
69497.268.49448.21~546.1970504.135.13478.95~529.25 
71507.934.35483.33~532.4772°465.325.56447.02~483.58[SB]*[/SB] 
73502.645.54470.03~535.1774486.448.51451.70~521.10 
75°526.632.68503.10~550.10[SB]*[/SB]76503.247.18469.45~536.95 
77496.733.45472.77~520.6378504.843.52473.67~535.93 
79490.258.07448.67~531.7380486.626.60467.57~505.63 
81506.128.48485.72~526.4882513.729.28492.75~534.65 
83481.529.78460.19~502.8184491.244.73459.22~523.18 
85515.725.78497.26~534.1486513.964.62467.69~560.11 
87496.423.82479.37~513.4388507.445.14475.10~539.70 
89479.144.15465.52~528.6890498.930.16477.32~520.48 
91503.753.90465.16~542.2492495.930.86473.78~518.02 
93494.658.48452.78~536.4294507.142.44476.74~537.46 
95488.536.15462.65~514.3596489.168.01440.44~537.76 
97°530.158.72488.09~572.1198518.745.10486.44~550.96 
99507.841.87477.85~537.73100540.655.17465.13~544.07 
已知按正态分布,理论上有95%的变量值分布在均数加、减1.96倍标准差(样本均数的标准差称标准误)的范围内,这里也即100个样本均数中有95个分布在500-1.96(13.60)=473.34至500+1.96(13.60)=526.66的范围内。现看表6.4,在100个样本均数中,第6号(546.7)、第72号(465.3)、第97号(530.1)在上述范围之外,第42号(526.4)及第75号(526.6)就在临界值附近,其余95个(若将第42及75号计算在内则为97个)样本均数在此范围之内,将实际分布与理论分布相对照见下表6.5。100个样本均数的实际分布与正态分布的理论基本符合。